1920s

= Introduction to Decade: names Maddie, Maya, and Alec ___ =

The 20's have been though of as the decade of change. It was a time of jazz, flappers, Babe Ruth, Penicillan, and even talking movies. We began to modify our ideas, and modernize our society. Our views on fashion, arts, politics, and science changed for the better, such as the creation of the Ford Model T car, but sometimes took a turn for the worst, such as the red scare. However, overall, we learned from our mistakes, and elaborated on our accomplishments, thus making us the successful nations we are to this day.

[[image:Babe_Ruth.jpg caption="Babe Ruth"]]


= Global Events, editor: Maddie Ireland__ = World Headlines:
 * Tomb of Tutankhamen is discovered (1922)
 * League of Nations is Established (1920)
 * The First Winter Olympic Games (1924)
 * Women Get the Right to Vote (1920)
 * Sacco and Venzetti Trial (1921)
 * The Kellogg-Briand Pact is Established (1928)
 * The Stock Market Collapses (1929)

World Leaders:

 * Joesph Stalin becomes the leader of the red Communist party in Russia
 * Woodrow Wilson, A President of America (1920-1921)
 * Benito Mussolini, becomes the ruler of Italy (1922)
 * Calvin Coolidge, America's New President
 * Adolf Hitler helps to organize and bring together the Nazi party in Germany (1920)
 * Takashi Hara, the Ruler of Japan (1920-1921)
 * Herbert Hoover, Another President of America during the 1920's (1929)

Major Worldwide Events/Catastrophes:

 * The First Car Radio Invented (1929)
 * The Jazz Singer comes out, and affects movies all around the world (1927)
 * A New Solution for Diabetics (1921)
 * The Ku Klux Klan organizes and rallies a campaign to recruit more members (1920)
 * The first commercial broadcast on the radio is aired (1920)
 * Gertrude Ederle, is the first woman ever to swim across the English Channel (1927)
 * The first experiment on color television is performed by Alexander Grahm bell (1929)

Insulin Discovery:
Diabetes has become a common disease, not only in America, but all over the world. Today, most diabetics can use insulin to manage their blood sugar, while living a normal, carefree life. Insulin was discovered in the 1920's by medical researchers, Fredrick Banting and Charles Best. In 1921, the researchers tested insulin on a dog's pancreas hoping to cure diabetes, which at the time they called "sugar disease." It successfully worked, lowering the dog's blood sugar. Hoping that the insulin would cure human diabetes, the researchers tested it out on a fourteen year old boy who at the time was dying of diabetes. The boy was saved, and the two researchers won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1923. Ever since the discovery of insulin, many lives have been saved, and now men, women and even children can live a typical life without the worrying about their blood sugar.



The Jazz Singer:
Recently, the movie The Artist made its way to theaters all across America, being nominated for many awards, and getting amazing reviews. It is known for its lack of not only words, but any kind of noise. Seeing movies like The Artist today are unusual, because most, if not all, of our movies have sound. However, before 1928 all movies were silent movies. One of the first talking movies came out in 1927. It was the Warner Brothers movie, The Jazz Singer, starring Al Jolson. Although the movie was only 89 minutes long, and had a budget of $422,000, it was one of the great movies of its time. Although it was not the first talking movie, it is believed to be the movie that completely brought talking movies into our society. This movie changed the way the world looked at movies, and at sound, and is still a great movie to this day. media type="youtube" key="bkyvstNrkHo" height="315" width="420"This is a clip from The Jazz Singer.

The First Winter Olympic Games:
Two years ago, the winter Olympics were held in Canada, part of a tradition that has continued every other year for decades. It is something that binds the whole world together, to celebrate one thing. They were held in France, and continued on for eleven days, with the world's best athletes competing for gold metals. Events included in the first winter Olympics include figure skating, ice hockey, bobsledding, speed skating, and Nordic skiing. Norway and Finland won most of the medals, winning 27 of the 43 medals available. Although Norway and Finland dominated, with the highest score, other nations with a close score including Austria, the United States, Switzerland, and Great Britain. This event became a tradition, because of the way it united not only the United States, but the world, and became more and more competitive as the years went on. It was decided in 1925 that the winter Olympics would occur every four years, as a tradition for the whole world to celebrate.

= American Foreign Policy, editor: Alec Thomas _ = 1)Dawes Plan 2)Neutrality Act of 1935---x

3)Good Neighbor Policy---x

4)King Tut’s tomb is foundx

5)Congress passes National Origins Act---x

6)US signs Kellogg-Briand Pact---v The Kellogg-Briand Pact was an agreement to outlaw war signed on August 27, 1928. It is also called the "Pact of Paris" because it was signed in Paris. the pact was one pact that had efforts to prevent another World War. It had little effect in stopping the rising military in the 1930s or preventing World War II. Some people focused on disarmament, such as the series of naval conferences that began in Washington in 1921 also called the five-power pact, and the nine-power pact, and some focused on cooperation with the League of Nations. Others focused on a movement to try to outlaw war.





7)Nine-Power Treaty,-v The final agreement made at the Washington Naval Conference was the Nine-Power Treaty, which marked the U.S. Open Door Policy in China. The treaty promised that each of the powers, the United States, Britain, Japan, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Portugal and China, would respect the territorial honor of China. Japan and China also signed the Shangtung Treaty, which returned control of that province, Manchuria, and its railroad to China. The Shangtung Treaty and the Nine-Power Treaty reassure China that its territory would not be further threat by Japanese expansion.

8)Five-Power Treaty-Naval Conference

in the time of 1921 and 1922 the world's largest naval powers gathered to come to talk about the navel disagreement and about the tension in East Asia. In 1921 us Senator Charles Evans Hughes invited nine nations, U.S, great Britain, Japan, China, France, Italy, Belgium, netherlands, and portugal, to talk about a way to stop this navel disagreement. Three treaties were taken out on this “party”, Five-Power Treaty, Nine-Power Treaty, and the Four-Power Treaty.



 The Five-Powers Treaty was signed by the U.S, great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan. this treaty gave the us and britan 500,000 tons, Japan 300,000 tons and France and Italy each 175,000 tons. Finally, this agreement called countries to stop building ships and lower the size of their navies by destroying older ships. some ships were forgotten in the treaty which led up to the  a new race to build cruiser ships (1922). making the powers back to negotiate in 1927 and 1930 to close the remaining loopholes in the treaty.

= Home Front (American Domestic Policy: political trends, extension of rights, Supreme Court cases), editor: Maya Johnson ___ =

__Presidents as headlines: __ - Warren G. Harding - Calvin Coolidge

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 25px;">Leaders in Congress as headlines: __ <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">-Chalres Daws <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">-Nicholas Longworth <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">-George Moses <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">-Calvin Coolidge

__<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 25px;">Supreme Court Cases as headlines: __ <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px;">- Radio Act of 1927 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px;">- Scopes Monkey Trial <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px;">-Increased Penalties Act

__ President Warren G. Harding __ === Warren G. Harding, born near Marion, Ohio, in 1865, became the 29th president of the United States. He married, Mrs. Florence Kling De Wolfe. Harding was a religious Baptist and completed his education at Ohio Central College. He was a trustee of the Trinity Baptist Church, a director of almost every important business, and a leader in fraternal organizations and charitable enterprises.He served in the state Senate and as Lieutenant Governor, and unsuccessfully ran for Governor. He presented the nominating address for President Taft at the 1912 Republican Convention. In 1914 he was elected to the Senate, which he found "a very pleasant place."An Ohio admirer, Harry Daugherty, began to promote Harding for the 1920 Republican nomination because, he later explained, "He looked like a President. A group of Senators, taking control of the 1920 Republican Convention when the principal candidates halted, turned to Harding. He won the Presidential election by a landslide of 60 percent of the popular vote.In August of 1923, he died in San Francisco of a heart attack. ===

__<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 30px; vertical-align: baseline;">Calvin Coolidge : __ August 3, 1923 Calvin Coolidge became president of the United States. Calvin Coolidge was born July 4, 1872 in Vermont. Calvin took his education to Amherst College, and entered law and politics. Later on, Coolidge married Grace Goohue, and had their tw <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px;">o children. President Coolidge rapidly became popular. During the election, Coolidge pulled more than 54% of votes. Many called him the most negative and one fo the most quiet presidents. President Coolidge was asked many times why he never responds in a interview: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 15px;"> "Well, Baruch, many times I say only 'yes' or 'no' to people. Even that is too much. It winds them up for twenty minutes more." After his mostly successful presidency, Coolidge decided not to run again for the 1928 election. Coolidge died January 1933.

[[image:images-1.jpg caption="Calvin Coolidge"]]
The Radio Act of 1927: The Radio Act of 1927 created the Federal Radio Commission which monitored the radio stations. The Radio Act of 1927 was an attempt to stop the chaos that was brought to the government after many problems were brought up like,too many stations on too few frequencies. The Federal Radio Commission was granted the ability to deny or grant radio licenses, assign frequencies, and power level. The Radio act of 1927 also required the "Equal time-rule" which required the FRC to give equal opportunities for both political sides.


 * "The 1920s Timeline of Important Dates." //Shmoop: Homework Help, Teacher Resources, Test Prep//. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2012. <http://www.shmoop.com/1920s/timeline.html>.
 * <span style="background-color: #efefef; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">"70th United States Congress - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/70th_United_States_Congress (accessed May 22, 2012).
 * <span style="background-color: #efefef; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">"Warren G. Harding | The White House." The White House. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/warrenharding (accessed May 22, 2012).

= Leisure Time (Arts, Sports, Fashion, Music), editor: All = Alec: Sports and art Maya: Movies, and books Maddie: Fashion and music

Flappers-Not Just A Fashion:
Flappers were a big part of the 1920's, not only signifying equal rights for men and women, flappers were a drastic change to the usual fashions. Flappers were women who wore their hair in short bobs, and wore dresses that flattened their chests (for a more "boyish" look) and dropped the waist of the dresses to the hip line. Flappers also wore stockings, and hats that had a bell shape that was named the "cloche." Before flappers, young women did not wear makeup. It was considered "not proper," but flappers began wearing powder, blush and lipstick. Not only was there a style to flappers, but a distinct attitude. Flappers were youthful, living a fast life, and exhibiting sexual behavior. They smoked, and drank alcohol, even at a time when it was illegal. They carried it in flasks in their dresses. They were courageous, and brave, taking away the the idea that were women were simply weak and helpless. Authors and artists also wrote and drew flappers in their artwork. The famous writer of __//The Great Gatsby//__, Scott Fitzgerald described flappers as lovely, and expensive young women, and artist, John Held Jr. drew flappers as women with unbuckled galoshes that made a flapping sound as they walked. The flappers truly changed women's fashion forever. However, men also had a distinct fashion as well. Men wore more casual, baggy pants, and many men wore simple suits, that were simply trousers with a jacket over it, and were bright and had more color than the suits of the modern day. The clothing worn by athletes affected what most men wore, especially golfers with their colorful sweaters, and some football players with their raccoon coats. The style of the 20's changed style forever, even the casual style most people wore today. media type="youtube" key="QJSdk44gWIE" height="315" width="420" This video shows not only the type of dance and song people enjoyed at that time, but the unique styles of both men and women in the 1920's.



=The Age of Jazz:= The 1920's was the decade of jazz. Most of the music of the time consisted of brass instruments such as the trumpet, trombone, and sometimes the drums. The singers usually had deep, and scratchy voices, such as Louis Armstrong or more upbeat, powerful voices such as Al Jolson and the music was easy to dance to. Men and women of the time, spent a lot of their days dancing, whether it be at home listening to the radio, or at parties listening to a band. Women even modified their dresses so they would be easier to dance in. Unlike the music of today, there was no audio tuning, so most of the music was played on the radio, or live. Some famous musicians of the time were Louis Armstrong, and Al Jolson, with their songs such as "Heebie Jeebies" and "Sonny Boy." The music was mainly upbeat, with joyous lyrics. Although the music of the time was simple, certain songs today have been resung by different musicians. The music truly changed the way we look at our music today. media type="youtube" key="ec0Es-Hdpn0" height="315" width="420"This song is called "Ain't Misbehavin'" by Louis Armstrong. This song was re-done by Anita O'Day, Billy Holiday, and many other famous artists.

=__The Great Gatsby__= The American Classic written by F. Scott Fitzgerald tells the story of Nick Carraway a young man who moves to New York to learn about the bond business. Nick Carraway is a young man who has graduated from Yale and was apart of World War 1, he has now moved into a house across the street from the mysterious mansion Gatsby. In1922, the United State has fully recovered from World War 1, and was first published in 1925, and was republished in 1953 and 1945. The Great Gatsby quickly found a wide range of audience and has since been known as an all time american classic.

__ Winnie the Pooh __

Winnie the Pooh tells many stories of a big bear who loves honey, and his friends from Hundred Acre Woods. Winnie-the-pooh was first created by A.A Milne in 1926. Milne finds most of the names and characters from his son's toys, such as Winnie, Owl, and Rabbit. The first of many, was Winnie-the-pooh followed by The house on Pooh's corner. Milne finds the name Winnie also, from a bear that he used to see at his childhood zoo, and Pooh from a swan. "But his arms were so stiff ... they stayed up straight in the air for more than a week, and whenever a fly came and settled on his nose he had to blow it off. And I think – but I am not sure – that that is why he is always called Pooh."

__ Movies: __ <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 25px;">-Sherlock Jr. (1924) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 25px;">-Metropolis (1927)

Sherlock Jr. Sherlock Jr. was first seen 1924. It tells the story of a projectionist that longs to be a detective. He puts his skills to the test when he is framed for taking his girlfriends pocket watch. A movie theater projectionist and janitor is in love with a girl. However, he has a rival and enemy, the "local sheik". Neither has much money. The projectionist buys a $1 box of chocolates, all he can afford, and changes the price to $4 before giving it and a ring to her.The local Sheik pawns the girl's father's watch and puts the pawn ticket into the projectionist's pocket. In the film Buster Keaton plays the projectionist and detective. This is among the first silent films to be produced in the early 1920s. media type="youtube" key="pRwl8OpUbWU" height="315" width="420"

Metropolis // **Metropolis** // is a 192 7 German expressionist science-fiction film directed by Fritz Lang. This story follows the life of Freder, the son of a wealthy intellectual, who falls in love with a girl who does not live up to the family standards. Metropolis was filmed in 1925, but many questions by critics were being brought up so they had to continue to cut and re film scenes. This film was one of the few futuristic, and science fiction movies that had become successful. media type="youtube" key="7j8Ba9rWhUg" height="315" width="420"

=Sports:= During the 1920's, sports were so important. They inspired new traditions, ideas and even inspired some of the fashion of the 20's. During the time, sports were not new, but it wasn't until the 20's when most people became involved in sports. Before the 20's children could only play sports with their friends in their free time. It wasn't until the 1920's when sports teams in schools were developed, giving children something to do after school, something children do even now. Adults were also becoming interested in sports, especially sports like golf. Golf was not a common sport for most middle and lower class people. It was a sport that wealthy, high class people played. However by the 20's it had opened up to the middle class as well. Baseball was also a very well liked sport in the 1920's. The most famous baseball player of the day was Babe Ruth, who played for the New York Yankees. The Yankees Stadium was not built until 1923 in New York, but that did not stop Ruth. He is best known for his 60 home runs in one season, and has changed the sport of baseball.

media type="youtube" key="uS7Iq_I0i6M" height="315" width="420" =Art:= During the 1920's, there were two main types of art. There was surrealism, and Art Deco. Surrealism is artwork with an element of surprise. They are unexpected juxtapositions that often looked unusual and tricked the eye. Surrealist artists believed that their works of art are expressions of the philosophical movement. Art Deco is eccentric, and is based on mathematical geometric shapes. It was inspired by the Ancient Egyptians, Babylonians and Aztecs. A famous artist during the 20's was Pablo Picasso, who mostly painted exaggerated portraits and abstract work. Pablo worked all over Europe, and his works were known to many different cultures, during his life, and even after his death.



Timeline
**1920:** **1.** **Babe Ruth begins his first season in the New York Yankees** **2.** **First time women are eligible to vote in the Presidential Election** **3.** **Warren G. Harding wins presidential election.**

**1921:** **1.** **First Miss America contest** **2.** **Langston Hughs writes //Weary Blues//** **3.** **Jack Dempsy defends his heavy weight title against George Carpentier**

**1922:** **1.** **Synclair Lewis publishes //Babbit//** **2.** **//Readers Diges//****t is found** **3.** **King Tut’s tomb is found**

**1923:** **1.** **Calvin Coolidge becomes president after Harding dies in office** **2.** **Yankee stadium opens in New York** **3.** **Harold Lloyd stars in //Safety Last’//**

**1924:** **1.** **Congress passes National Origins Act** **2.** **Calvin Coolidge is elected to his first full term** **3.** **Lewis Armstrong joins the Fletcher //Henderso//****n Orchestra**

**1925:** **1.** **25,00 KKK members parade down Pennsylvania Avenue** **2.** **Harold Ross funds the New Yorker** **3.** **Red Orange joins the Chicago Bears**

**1926:** **1.** **Mae West is arrested for promoting indecency in her play //Sex//** **2.** **Gertrude Ederle swims the English Channel in record time** **3.** **National Broadcasting Company is funded**

**1927:** **1.** **Charles Lindbergh becomes the first to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean** **2.** **//Show Boat//** **opens on Broadway** **3.** **Babe Ruth hits a record; 60 homeruns in a season**

**1928:** **1.** **US signs Kellogg-Briand Pact** **2.** **Herbert Hoover becomes president** **3.** **George Gershwin writes //An American In Paris (book)//**

**1929:** **1.** **In the St. Valentines Massacre in Chicago, members of Al Capone’s gang gun down members of Bugs Moran’s gang** **2.** **The Stock Market crashes beginning the Great Depression** **3.** **The MOMA opens**

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