1960s

= =

The 1960s By Chris, Naza, Sam, and Noah

The 1960s were a time of parties and politics, of fear and fun, and of nukes and narcotics. With the McCarthy Era ending and the Vietnam war beginning, there were many new issues arising. The 1960s brought new conflicts such as the Space Race and the 6 Day War. It brought new achievements that would change the future such as the Civil Rights Movement and the Moon Landing. The 1960s also had tragedies such as the JFK and Martin Luther King Jr. assassinations. It brought new ideas and realizations that gave people new rights and thoughts. The events of the 1960s changed our future for the better and helped shape the world we know today.

__Time line__ 2. The Vietnam War 3. John F. Kennedy announce candidacy ||= 1. President Kennedy announces Peace Corps 2. Yuri Gagarin: First man in space 3. Marvel Universe created by Stan Lee ||= 1. James Meredith: First Black Student 2. First FIFA World Cup in Chile 3. Marilyn Monroe dies of drug overdose ||= 1. JFK assasination 2. Dr. No: First James Bond Movie 3. Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I Have a Dream" speech ||= 1. Jack Ruby kills Lee Harvey Oswald 2. President Lyndon Johnson signs Civil Rights Act of 1964 3. Dr. King awarded Nobel Peace Prize ||= 1. Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in a President 2. 100th anniversary of end of American Civil War 3. U.S. Mariner 4 returns with pictures of Mars ||= 1. Soviets launch Luna 10: first space probe to orbit moon 2. Cultural Revolution led by Mao Zedong 3. Groundbreaking for World Trade Center ||= 1. 6 Day War 2. 10,000 march against Vietnam War 3. The musical //Hair// released protesting the war ||= 1. Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination 2. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs Civil Rights Act of 1968 3. Spacecraft Apollo 8 contains first people to see far side of moon ||= 1. Richard Milhous Nixon becomes President 2. Apollo 11 contains first men to set foot on moon 3. Manson Family murders ||
 * = ===1960=== ||= ===1961=== ||= ===1962=== ||= ===1963=== ||= ===1964=== ||= ===1965=== ||= ===1966=== ||= ===1967=== ||= ===1968=== ||= ===1969=== ||
 * = 1. 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome

__"Make Love, Not War"__ ===="Make Love, Not War" was an anti-war slogan that was primarily used in protesting against the Vietnam War. Activists Penelope and Franklin Rosemont were the first to print "Make Love, Not War" buttons, and printed thousands of them and distributed them during the Mother's Day Peace March in 1965. The slogan became very popular during the 1960s and was featured in songs like "Mind Games" by John Lennon and "No More Trouble" by Bob Marley.==== Slang: Bad - Cool or awesome.

Bag - To steal “Who bagged my bag?” or used as problem as in “What’s your bag?”

__ Global Events Editor: Chris __ = Headlines =

1. **Yuri Gagarin is the First Man in Space (1961)**
====Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin was born near Gzhatsk, in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). He was the first man to be in space. He flew into space on April 12, 1961, which lasted 1 hour and 48 minutes. Gagarin circled the Earth once in the vehicle called Vostok 1. It weighed over 5 tons and reached a maximum altitude of 188 miles. The control of the spacecraft was handled from the ground. He was awarded many medels and honours such as the Hero of the Soviet Union. He later became deputy training director of the Cosmonaut Training Center which was later named after him. Yuri Gagarin died in 1968 when he was piloting a training jet and crashed.====

3. Adolf Eichmann Hanged (1960)
====Adolf Eichmann was a member of the Austrian Nazi party during World War 2. He headed the Austrian office for Jewish emigration. He was known for his enthusiasm in deporting Jews and was promoted to chief of the Gestapo's Jewish section. He enjoyed the use of gas chambers for the extermination of Jews and oversaw the terrible acts toward Jews during WW2. He escaped to Argentina in 1945 after being arrested by the Allies. He was located by Israeli agents in 1960 and was taken to Israel where he was tried and hanged for his crimes.====

8. The Prague Spring of 1968
====The Prague Spring was a period of time in 1968 when the Czechoslovakian Government wanted to be free of the Soviet Union. In May 1966, there were complaints that the Soviet Union were harassing and exploiting the people. They believed that the government in Prague imposed its rules on them and low economy and much poverty didn't make things any better. In October 1967, Antonin Novotny, Party leader of the Writer's Union, was replaced by Alexander Dubcek. Dubcek wanted to make amendments to the Czechoslovakian Constitution by giving the people more personal freedom. He wanted to keep Czechoslovakia Communist but to reduce the Totalitarian aspects of government. Dubcek changed many things in the Constitution like giving unions more rights and ending public censorship, which was quickly taken advantage of by the newspapers. He assured Moscow that Czechoslovakia would remain in the Warsaw Pact, which unified 8 communist countries during the Cold War. This didn't reassure Soviet Leader Brezhnev and the Prague Spring ended when troops from the Warsaw Pact invaded Czechoslovakia to show Moscow's authority and the other countries' disapproval. Dubcek was arrested and taken to Moscow and was removed from office in 1969.====

Moon Landing:
media type="youtube" key="RMINSD7MmT4" width="425" height="350"

Bibliography
"1960s - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2012. .

"//1960s Flashback 1960 - 1969//. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2012. .

"The 1960s." //The 1960s//. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2012. .

"1960 – 1969 World History — Infoplease.com." //Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2012. .

"Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin — Infoplease.com." //Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free online reference, research & homework help. — Infoplease.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2012. .

"Make love, not war - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 May 2012. .

"The Prague Spring of 1968." //History Learning Site//. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2012. .

Primary Source: "First Moon Landing 1969 - YouTube ." //YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.//. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 May 2012. .

__ American Foreign Policy Editor: Noah __ = Headlines :=

2. US actions abroad
====The Bay of Pigs invasion also known as the Bay of Pigs fiasco was a failed invasion of Cuba, by CIA-trained Cuban exiles. The invasion was part of an operation to overthrow communist leader, Fidel Castro. In April 1961, about 4,000 anti-Castro Cubans were gathered by the CIA and trained. The first part of the invasion was an air attack, to try to weaken the Cuban air force, by pseudo-Cuban planes. However everyone saw through the ruse. This was the first of many failures.==== The other failure happened during the amphibious invasion of the bay of pigs in the south of Cuba. it was thought that when the cuban people saw the invasion they would rise up and help. But they didn’t and the small, un-equipped exile force was overwhelmed. this was an embarrassment to the kennedy administration, and was a factor in causing one of the most dangerous conflicts of the nuclear age, the Cuban Missile Crisis. The invasion failed because of poor planning and under-estimation of Cuban forces. It also failed because the media caught hold of information. One year later the Cuban missile Crisis started. media type="youtube" key="9UiS7-1iR04" height="315" width="560"
 * ===Bay of pigs invasion===

====The Vietnam war started as a conflict between Vietnam and France. But, the French pulled out after their defeat at Dien Bien Phu. At the 1954 Geneva conference A decision was made to re-unite the country with a general election. Fearing that the communist North would win the US refused to agree. The US helped the South Vietnamese troops, but were out numbered and, in some ways, outfoxed. The South was fighting against the Viet Minh and the Viet Cong. The Viet Cong were especially hard to fight becuase of their style of guerilla warfare. The Viet Cong dug intricate tunnel systems that were extremely hard to find. The Viet Cong also used the land to their advantage, making dangerous booby traps using, among other things, sharpened sticks known as punji sticks. But eventually a cease fire was called for and the US withdrew from Vietnam. Soon after, North Vietnamese troops attacked, forcing South Vietnam to surrender.====
 * ===Vietnam war===
 * ===Vietnam war===
 * ====**CIA trains Guatemalan army**====

3. US reactions to foreign events

 * 1) ====Berlin wall erected====
 * US sends troops to west Germany
 * 1) ====France pulls out of vietnam====
 * US goes into vietnam
 * 1) ====Cuba turns communist====
 * Bay of Pigs invasion

__** Bibliography: **__ "Bay of Pigs Invasion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." //Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia //. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2012. Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Vietnam War - A History of the Vietnam War." //20th Century History //. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2012. Deverell, William Francis, and Deborah G. White. //<span style="background-color: #efefef; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">United States history //<span style="background-color: #efefef; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">. Orlando, Fla.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. Print.

Primary source : http://youtu.be/9UiS7-1iR04

__ American Domestic Policy Editor: Sam __
 * Headlines: **

Kennedy Shot - Kennedy was shot in 1963

Man Walks on Moon - Apollo 11 lands on the moon

Bates v. Little Rock - The Supreme Court case regarding the Little Rock Nine.

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan A Supreme Court case where the New York Times used in accurate details in their paper, making the police look bad.

Massiah v. United States A Supreme Court case involving the violation of the Sixth Amendment..

Martin King Jr. Shot

Vietnam Protests


 * Paragraphs: **

John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States. He was killed at 12:30 pm Central Standard Time on Friday, November 22, 1963. He was driving with his wife, Jacqueline Kennedy, Texas governor John Connally, and his wife Nellie, in a motorcade when he was fatally shot. This was investigated for ten months by the Warren Commission. The Warren Commission concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald killed JFK, acting alone. Oswald was killed by Jack Ruby before he could be put on trial. Polls in 1966 to 2004 showed that 80 percent of Americans believed that there was a plot or cover up. The United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) was formed to investigate the shootings of people like JFK and Martin Luther King Jr. The HSCA concluded that the JFK shooting was the result of conspiracy. They found the original FBI and Warren Commission investigations to be seriously flawed. The HSCA agreed that Oswald had fired all the shots that killed and wounded JFK and Governor Connally but there were at least four shots fired. This meant there was a high probability of two gunmen. The HSCA ruled out the CIA, Soviet Union, and organized crime based on available evidence.
 * Kennedy Shot: **

Martin Luther King Jr. was killed by a rifle shot on April 4, 1968. He was on a second floor balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. He had arrived in Memphis the day before for a march for the local sanitation workers that was planned for the following Monday. King was preparing to leave for dinner at the home of Memphis minister Billy Kyles. He stepped out onto the balcony and was shot at 6:01 p.m. The bullet entered the lower right side of King’s face. An ambulance rushed King to St. Joseph’s Hospital where he was pronounced dead 7:05 p.m. just over an hour after he was shot. King’s assassination caused breakouts of racial violence. This resulted in forty-six deaths and extensive property damage in many U.S. cities, including Washington D.C. President Lyndon B. Johnson attended a memorial for King on the 5th and called for a national day of mourning two days later. = =
 * Martin Luther King Jr. Shot: **

Video: media type="youtube" key="nFcbpGK9_aw" height="315" width="420"

** Images: **



 * Bibliography: **


 * <span style="background-color: #efefef; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Assassination of John F. Kennedy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. < <span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #1155cc; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: #efefef; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">> **


 * <span style="background-color: #efefef; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“King, Martin Luther, Assassination” - Gale U.S. History in Context. “Gale U.S. History in Context” Web. 29 May 2012. < <span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #1155cc; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: #efefef; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">> **


 * <span style="background-color: #efefef; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Short Version of I Have A Dream Speech - YouTube ." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. < <span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #1155cc; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; vertical-align: baseline;">[] <span style="background-color: #efefef; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">> **

__ Leisure Time Editor: Naza __ = Books Published: =


 * ==== ** To Kill a Mockingbird ** ====
 * ==== ** Valley of the Dolls ** ====

= Popular Movies/TV Shows: =
 * ** Lawrence of Arabia **
 * **Psycho**

media type="youtube" key="NG3-GlvKPcg" width="425" height="350"

= Music and Fashion: =
 * ==== ** The Beatles ** ====
 * ==== **The Rolling Stones** ====
 * ==== **The Beehive Hairstyle** ====

= Sports: =


 * === ** First World Championship Game: ** ** Super Bowl I **===

media type="youtube" key="Z_el6RDw5Vg" width="425" height="350"

====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Muhammad Ali was an American professional boxer, philanthropis and social activist. Originally known as Cassius Clay, Ali changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam in 1964. Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., was born on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky. Ali was first directed to boxing by Louisville police officer and boxing coach Joe E. Martin. Ali won 6 Kentucky Golden Gloves titles, 2 national Golden Gloves titles, an Amateur Athletic Union National Title, and the Light Heavyweight gold medal in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome.<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> In 1967, after Ali had won the Heavyweight Championship, he was publicly vilified for his refusal to be drafted into the U.S. military, because of his religious beliefs and disagreement with the vietnam war. Ali was eventually arrested, found guilty on draft evasion charges, and stripped of his boxing title and license. ====
 * === ** Ali had won the World Heavyweight Championship ** ===



** Inventions: **
====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In 1962 a young computer programmer from MIT, Steve Russell, created the first popular computer game. Starwar was almost the first computer game ever written, but they were at least two far-lesser known predecessors. It took the team about 200 man-hours to write the first version of Spacewar. Steve Russell wrote Spacewar on a PDP-1, an early DEC interactive mini computer which used a cathode-ray tube type display and keyboard input. The computer game called Spacewar was the last thing DEC expected who later provided the game as a diagnostic program for their customers. ====


 * === [[image:wfshistory8-2gold/spacewar.png width="242" height="247" caption="Spacewar"]] ===
 * === ** The video disk invented ** ===
 * === ** The first handheld calculator invented. ** ===
 * === ** The ATM invented. ** ===
 * === ** The artificial heart invented ** ===

** __Bibliography__ **

"1960s Fashions - Women's Retro Clothes - Dresses." //The Fifties Index - Oldies Music, Classic TV, 1950s History, 50s Clothes, Burma Shave, Elvis, American Bandstand, 1960s Fashion, Cars of the 50's and 60's and more.//. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. <http://www.fiftiesweb.com/fashion/sixties-fashion-w.htm>.

Bellis, Mary. "60s - Timeline and Inventions of the 60s." //Inventors//. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. <http://inventors.about.com/od/timelines/a/modern_2.htm>.

"Best Movies of the 1960s - TopTenREVIEWS." //TopTenREVIEWS Movies Reviews - TopTenREVIEWS//. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. <http://movies.toptenreviews.com/list_d1960.htm>.

Rosenberg, Jennifer. "First Man on the Moon - The History of How Neil Armstrong Became the First Man on the Moon." //20th Century History//. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. <http://history1900s.about.com/od/1960s/p/firstmanmoon.htm>.

Primary Sources: " Psycho Trailer - YouTube ." //YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.//. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NG3-GlvKPcg>.

" Super Bowl Highlights Part 1 - YouTube ." //YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.//. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 May 2012. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_el6RDw5Vg>.